The flowering stage of Cannabis

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The Flowering Stage – From the Stretch to nice, tasty buds thumbnail

From the stretch to the harvest

Hey there and welcome (back) to Free The Tree! In this series of the cycle of life of cannabis we’re going to cover the flowering stage. This is one exciting part of her life!

During the flowering stage, you won’t see her grow much more in size, but her flowers will develop oh so nicely, starting from small pistils to buddlets and then full grow flowers, by the last stage you won’t even recognize them anymore.

Take some pics to compare the evolution! Don’t hesitate to send them to us if you want come share them with the community.

We recently separated this article in two articles, the first going over the flowering stage week by week and this one, that covers the needs and different stages of the flowering stage of cannabis

Characteristics of the flowering stage

Pretty quickly after changing the light cycle from 18/6 to 12/12 your plant will show changes. For first 2 weeks it’s basically the vegetative stage on steroids (known as “the stretch”).
This is a bit like our teenage years, strong growth followed by hormones; in the case of Cannabis after the growth pistils will start appearing, welcome to the flowering stage 🙂

Here’s what to expect

Characteristic	Flowering stage
MACRO-NUTRIENTS NEEDED	After the stretch the plant will need mainly Phosphorous and Potassium (PK)
VEGETATIVE GROWTH	Once the stretch has ended, vegetative growth will stop
HUMIDITY	You should aim for an environment around 50% humidity. Over that you might get bud molding issues
TEMPERATURES	Temperature levels are the same as during the vegetation stage. Note: Some strains will react to temperature changes differently. For example, “blue” strains will only turn blue/violet if there’s a different of at least 10°C between the day and night

Potassium and Phosphorus – The two main macro-nutrients of the Flowering Stage

The main difference with the Vegetative Stage Nutrients is the lack of Nitrogen.
The cannabis plant mainly uses Nitrogen in order to create foliage (leaves & stems), now that she’s focusing on the developing her flowers there’s less need for it.

In order to produce her flowers she’s going to need Phosphorous and Potassium, and a good amount of them.

Now just like during the vegetative stage, if you’re looking for a precise table of how much to feed your plant we can’t do so.. It depends on your strain and the nutrients you use.
Our advice is the same, follow the indications given by the manufacturer but reduce the levels a little. If your plant shows some deficiencies (apart from Nitrogen), add a little more nutrients in there.

Last but not least, don’t forget to flush your plants during the 2 last weeks of the flowering stage! If you don’t do so the buds will still be full of nutrients which will ruin their taste.. Would be too bad to waste your harvest just because you forgot to stop giving them Nutrients at the end of the cycle.

Now lets look closer to each nutrient and their use.

How does Cannabis use Phosphorus (P) during the Flowering Stage

Phosphorous is mainly used for root and flower growth, as well as the photosynthesis process.

Once the stretch starts the plant will start using this nutrient to produce flowers. At the same time, just like the reduction of foliage growth, root growth also slows down, reducing the need of phosphorus on that end.

Apart from that, phosphorous keeps on being part of the formation of the oils, sugars and starches as well as the photosynthesis process, all of which is necessary for the plant to thrive.

How does Cannabis use of Potassium (K) during the Flowering Stage

Potassium basically acts in the same way during the whole life of your Marijuana Plant.
It’s responsible mainly for 3 things during the whole life cycle:

Encouraging the uptake of water, which your plant needs whether vegetating or flowering.
Increasing the resistance to diseases.
Helping the plant make better use of the light and air available.

On top of that, when Cannabis gets to the flowering stage, Potassium is essential for the development of the flowers.

Potassium and Phosphorus use in Cannabis - Recap

Nutrients	Use during the flowering stage
POTASSIUM (K)	Encourages uptake of water Essential for the development of flowers Increases resistance to diseases Help plants regulate and make better use of light and air (photosynthesis and respiration)
PHOSPHOROUS (P)	Encourages flower blooming Essential part of the photosynthesis process Involved in the formation of sugars, starches and all oils. Helps with the transformation of solar energy to chemical energy (photosynthesis)

This article is part of the series : “Life-cycle of cannabis – An Epic story”

Articles

The Flowering Stage - Week by week breakdown

Guides

Choosing a marijuana strain: guide for beginner growers

Guides

Breeding Cannabis - Find out how to make your own seeds 😉

Guides

Trichomes on Weed - What are they? How are they Created? Are they important?

Guides

Harvesting, Drying and Curing your Weed - The final Steps!

Guides

The Vegetation Stage of Cannabis - From Sprout to the Stretch

Guides

How-to Guide: Germinating Marijuana Seeds

Guides

The Cycle of life of Marijuana - an epic story

The stretch - Final growth and flowering sites

What people call “the stretch” is the ~2 weeks after switching light periods, generally 18/6 to 12/12. During these 2 weeks your plant will have a very strong growth, up to 200% for the most extreme strains. You will also see the bud sites appear, starting with pistils and growing into small budlets.

By the end of the stretch your plant will have fully stopped vegetative growth and will have formed all her bud locations.
If you went for a scrog, this can also be a good time to get rid of the weak branches that don’t look too promising.

Here’s the evolution of one of our own during the stretch, as always you can click on the image to see the full version.

What are the characteristics of Marijuana’s Stretch stage:

Stretch	Characteristics
HOW TO START IT	Change you light pattern from 18/6 cycle to 12/12 cycles.
GROWTH	Very rapid! Depending on Sativa or Indica strains it can vary from 70% to… over 200%! Sativa’s grow the most during this time, so get a meter out and start measuring to max height in your space
Identification of sex	Yes, the first signs of the plant being male or female appear
LENGTH IN TIME	2 weeks long
HUMIDITY	40% to 50%
TEMPERATURE	Around ~ 25°C. Be sure to measure at the level of your Apex’s!
NUTRIENTS	Reduce the levels of Nitrogen given over time Increase the levels of Potassium and Phosphorus.
LIGHT CYCLE	12hours of light and 12 hours of night
BRANCH AND LEAF DENSITY	The Apex and branches will take in high very rapidly, keep an eye out in 2 weeks time you won’t recognise her anymore! The leaf mass will keep growing the first half of the stretch, after which the focus will go on the buds.

“Sexing” your cannabis plant during the stretch

For growers using Regular seeds (aka non-feminized), the stretch is also the moment where you can identify the sex of your strain; Do you have a female that will produce fluffy flowers, or a male that will produce pollen? Here’s how you can tell the difference.

Sexing you cannabis, identifying male from female plants

We cover this step by step in our article on male cannabis plants, but basically the idea is to keep an eye out on the knots of the plant, either you’ll notice little “balls” or white “hairs” growing; In the first case, you’ve got a male, in the second, a female.

Here’s 2 pictures taken from the article to show you the difference

Preflowering signs of a male cannabis plants

Notice within the red circles the little “ball like” growth? This is first sign that this is a male plant.

To be sure don’t hesitate to wait a couple days to confirm, but generally that first gut feeling is right

Preflowering signs of a female plant

On her end, on the female plant you can see little white hairs growing at the same spots. these are the first pistils coming in, which will in time be nice big buds

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Early flowering stage

Once your plants have finished stretching and her budlets are well formed she will solely focus on developing those buds.
You’ll see them grow and totally change during the following weeks, the closer to the harvest the denser they’re going to look 🙂
During this phase you won’t really see any trichomes, or just very few, since the glands haven’t developed yet. This is normal so no worries, within the next days/weeks you’ll see them start to come in.

Trichome Appearance and Development

A couple weeks into the flowering stage you’ll start noticing some hairy/dusty looking things on the pistils and leaves that surround them, say hello to the Trichomes!
At this point these trichomes aren’t fully formed yet and still totally clear. They don’t contain any THC nor CBD, but in time they will 🙂

For the following days and weeks she will keep on developing her buds.
On the side of the trichomes they will finish growing, developing a ball shape at their end after which, if you look through a little micro-scope, they will start turning milky and then golden/brown.
Basically, when they’re milky they contain the maximum levels of THC, after which the glands start to die and the THC is replaced by CBD.

Nutrient wise you might want to increase PK solutions a little to give her a boost, without overdoing it. This will increase her flower production, meaning bigger buds at harvest! But if you over do it she might get Nutrient burn which creates leaf mass loss, meaning less photo-synthesis which will lead to less energy, thus smaller buds, so be careful!

Stages of growth of trichomes

Trichome state	Trichome content
Unformed or Clear	The Trichomes isn’t fully developed yet. The stalk is still growing. The head of the trichome isn’t formed or isn’t perfectly round yet. No THC or CBD production has started.
Some are Clear, some are Milky	THC production has started in some Thricomes. The levels of THC aren’t at their highest. Not ready to harvest.
Mostly or all Milky	THC levels are at their highest. If you’re aiming for an very upper type effect this is the window for harvest.
Mostly milky and some are turning golden/amber	THC glands are starting to deteriorate. THC levels are starting to reduce. CBD levels are starting to increase. If you’re looking for that mildly upper high this is the time to harvest.
Mostly or all golden/amber	THC Glands have fully deteriorated. CBD levels are at their highest and THC levels at their lowest. If you’re looking for more of a chill/”couch potato” high this is when you want to harvest.

Late flowering stage

What we decided to call the “late flowering stage” starts when your pistils start to turn brown for the first time.
At this point, the flower is fully formed, you’ll have a nice and tasty smell within the room and really, you’ll just want to harvest them they look so tasty, but don’t!!

By harvesting too early you can lose up to 50% of your harvest.. which would suck, you definitely put to much effort in them no?
The buds are fully formed, they haven’t finished fattening up hehe.

Marijuana pistils are known to “go brown” 2 or 3 times during the flowering stage. You’ll see the tips of the buds kind of close while the pistil dries up, totally normal. Within a couple days you will see new pistils come back out and grow, increasing the size of your buds.

Depending on the strain of cannabis, this phase can go on for a couple weeks, you’ll want to observe the evolution of the trichomes to decide when to start flushing your plants before harvest.

Pistils are not the right way to define the moment to harvest, observe the trichomes for that.

Flushing your Cannabis plants

At least 2 weeks before harvesting you want to start flushing your plants. What do we mean by flushing? At each watering from this point on you will stop giving them any nutrients.
This will force the plant to extract all the needed nutrients, like Nitrogen, from the buds and leaves in order to keep living.

You might think this is counter productive, but all those nutrients in the buds can waste your harvest.

This means that while observing the Trichomes you must think ahead in order to start flushing your plants in time.
If you’re hesitating start a little earlier than later, less nutrients does mean less weight, but also tastier buds 🙂

As you can see, by the end of the flush the plant has extracted all the nutrients (especially Nitrogen, but not only) from the main leaves.
It’s not visible, but she did the same within the flowers, at the same time her trichomes are all milky and starting to brown, let’s get to harvesting!

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Flowering Stage - Frequently Asked Questions

add

My plant is in 5 week of flowering and buds are still small do

Message sent to us:

Hello my white widow auto plant is in its 5 week off flowering and buds are tiny and not doing a lot should I be worrying the trichomes are all milky and a few pistols keep appearing

Our answer:

Hey, the first thing you should do is checkout your plants genetics and its average flowering time. Generally, white widow takes around 7 weeks, so you still have some time to go 🙂

They'll get fatter, maybe not huge, but they're get fatter. Generally you can see 2, or 3, rounds of pistil growth, which increases the flower size dramatically, be careful not to harvest too early!

That said, you're right to look at the trichomes to check on the timing, but be careful to look at the trichomes on the flowers and not the ones on the leaves!
You can check out this piece on trichomes that has more info, but basically the trichomes on the leaves are going to be a bit more developed than the ones on the flowers.

We need to get a couple pics together in order to finish the week by week flowering stage, hope you found what you needed !
if not don’t hesitate to get in touch with us

Until next time,
Be safe and grow easy

About the author

plant-lover

Plant Lover is Free the Tree's founder and a passionate grower of plants. Mostly from the city, I work on my computer all day so about 4 years ago, on my off time, I started growing to have some more green in my life. I never imagined I would fall in love with botany and discover so much about this plant. Since then I keep learning everyday, meeting new awesome people of our community and which keeps me growing constantly You can always get in touch with me on our Instagram!